Grammar – mirxad

Time Clause

When, after, before, until, since, while, once, as and as soon as are subordinating conjunctions which can be used to connect an action or an event to a point in time.

Causative Structure Part 1

Michal Swan: 107

Verbs of Perception

Hear, see, watch, notice, feel and similar verbs of perception can be followed by object + infinitive (without to) or object + -ing form.

Michael Swan: 110

As is typical for many languages, full conditional sentences in English consist of a conditional clause or protasis specifying a condition or hypothesis, and a consequence clause or apodosis specifying what follows from that condition. The condition clause is a dependent clause, most commonly headed by the conjunction if, while the consequence is contained in the main clause of the sentence. Either clause may appear first.

Unreal Situation – I wish…

Constructions with the verb WISH express hypothetical, unlikely, or unreal wishes. The Subjunctive Mood is used in the subordinate clauses after the verb WISH to express wishes about the situations that exist at the present time (I wish you were here) and about the situations that existed in the past (I wish you had done it).

Unreal Situations

تو نباید با بچه‌ات اون‌طوری رفتار می‌کردی
You shouldn’t have treated your child like that.

اونا می‌تونستن یه کس دیگه‌ای رو استخدام کنند
They could have employed someone else.

ممکن بود اونو بکشی
You might have killed her.

لزومی نداشت حقیقت رو به بابات بگی
You needn’t have told your mum the truth.

من صبح خونه نبودم و الاّ (وگرنه) اتاقت رو تمیز می‌کردم
I wasn’t home this morning otherwise I would have cleaned your room.

Why did you kill the man? You needn’t have done it.

We’d been given free tickets, so we luckily didn’t need to pay to get in.

Relative Clauses

Relative clauses are clauses starting with the relative pronouns who, whom, that, which, whose, where, when. They are most often used to define or identify the noun that precedes them.

such, so, too, very, enough

Nobody has to live in such a house, do they?

I didn’t know you were so angry.

Nobody likes to work with such rude people, do they?

I have never had such an expensive car, have I?

I have never had so expensive a car, have I?

Michael Swan: 584, 585, 596, 597

Forming the Possessive

The -‘s possessive is generally used only with nouns referring to animate items (e.g. people and animals) and in time phrases. The of possessive is generally used with nouns referring to inanimate things (i.e. objects) and abstract ideas. The function of the possessive form in English is to: show possession.

Category: Grammar

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